英语学习道路上,最让人头疼的莫过于那些“不走寻常路”的动词们了。规则动词的过去式和过去分词,乖乖地在词尾加 “-ed” 就好,可不规则动词偏偏要“特立独行”,变化形式五花八门。这份常见不规则动词过去式汇总,就是来拯救大家于水火之中的!
一句话总结: 不规则动词的过去式没有统一规则,只能通过记忆和反复练习来掌握。但别怕,我们可以通过分类和联想,让记忆更轻松!
贴心分类,记忆更高效
为了方便大家记忆,我把常见的不规则动词分成了几大类,并总结了一些小规律,还准备了记忆小窍门哦!
1. AAA型: 原形、过去式、过去分词,三者长得一模一样。
这类动词简直是天使般的存在,不用费心去记变化,直接用原形就好啦!
- cost (花费) – cost – cost
- cut (切) – cut – cut
- hit (击打) – hit – hit
- hurt (使受伤) – hurt – hurt
- let (让) – let – let
- put (放) – put – put
- read (读) – read –read (注意:过去式和过去分词发音变化)
- set (放置) – set – set
- shut (关闭)- shut – shut
记忆小窍门: 可以想象一个场景:花费(cost)多少都不重要,重要的是快速切(cut)开,击打(hit)目标,不要让(let)它伤害(hurt)到你,然后把(put)它放到指定位置,,设置(set)好一切,最后直接关闭(shut)。读(read)说明书即可。
2. ABA型: 原形和过去分词长得一样,过去式“变脸”。
这类动词也不难,只要记住过去式的特殊形式就好。
- become (变成) – became – become
- come (来) – came – come
- run (跑) – ran – run
记忆小窍门: 可以这样记:来(come),跑(run)最终都会变成(become)原来的样子。
3. ABB型: 过去式和过去分词长得一样,和原形“闹别扭”。
这类动词数量较多,但掌握了规律,记忆起来也不难。
- beat (打) – beat – beaten (这个有点特殊)
- build (建造) – built – built
- burn (燃烧) – burnt – burnt (或 burned – burned)
- deal (处理) – dealt – dealt
- dream (做梦) – dreamt – dreamt (或 dreamed – dreamed)
- feel (感觉) – felt – felt
- find (找到) – found – found
- get (得到) – got – got (或 gotten)
- have (有) – had – had
- hear (听见) – heard – heard
- hold (抓住) – held – held
- keep (保持) – kept – kept
- lead (领导) – led – led
- learn (学习) – learnt – learnt (或 learned – learned)
- leave (离开) – left – left
- lend (借出) – lent – lent
- light (点燃) – lit – lit (或 lighted – lighted)
- lose (丢失) – lost – lost
- make (制造) – made – made
- mean (意思是) – meant – meant
- meet (遇见) – met – met
- pay (支付) – paid – paid
- say (说) – said – said
- sell (卖) – sold – sold
- send (送) – sent – sent
- shine (照耀) – shone – shone (或 shined – shined)
- shoot (射击) – shot – shot
- sit (坐) – sat – sat
- sleep (睡觉) – slept – slept
- smell (闻) – smelt – smelt (或 smelled – smelled)
- spend (花费) – spent – spent
- stand (站立) – stood – stood
- teach (教) – taught – taught
- tell (告诉) – told – told
- think (思考) – thought – thought
- understand (理解) – understood – understood
- win (赢) – won – won
记忆小窍门: 这类动词很多过去式和过去分词都以”-t” 或 “-d” 结尾,可以重点关注这个特点。
4. ABC型: 原形、过去式、过去分词,三个“各不相同”。
这类动词的变化最“任性”,没有规律可循,只能“死记硬背”。
- begin (开始) – began – begun
- break (打破) – broke – broken
- choose (选择) – chose – chosen
- do (做) – did – done
- draw (画) – drew – drawn
- drink (喝) – drank – drunk
- drive (驾驶) – drove – driven
- eat (吃) – ate – eaten
- fall (落下) – fell – fallen
- fly (飞) – flew – flown
- forget (忘记) – forgot – forgotten
- freeze (冻结) – froze – frozen
- give (给) – gave – given
- go (去) – went – gone
- grow (生长) – grew – grown
- know (知道) – knew – known
- lie (躺) – lay – lain (注意:lie 还有“撒谎”的意思,规则变化)
- ride (骑) – rode – ridden
- ring (响) – rang – rung
- rise (升起) – rose – risen
- see (看见) – saw – seen
- shake (摇动) – shook – shaken
- show (展示) – showed – shown (或 showed – showed)
- sing (唱) – sang – sung
- sink (下沉) – sank – sunk
- speak (说) – spoke – spoken
- steal (偷) – stole – stolen
- swim (游泳) – swam – swum
- take (拿) – took – taken
- throw (扔) – threw – thrown
- wake (醒) – woke – woken
- wear (穿) – wore – worn
- write (写) – wrote – written
记忆小窍门: 虽然这类动词没有明显规律,但可以尝试用联想记忆法,比如:开始(begin)做(do)一件事,喝(drink)一杯水,然后去(go)看见(see)正在生长(grow)的花朵。
特殊情况,额外注意
有些动词有两种过去式或过去分词形式,意思相同或略有差别,使用时要注意区分。
- hang (悬挂) – hung – hung (一般用法)
- hang (绞死) – hanged – hanged (指处以绞刑)
巩固练习,加深印象
光看不练假把式,平时要多做练习,把这些不规则动词的用法牢牢掌握。可以尝试以下方法:
- 制作单词卡片: 正面写原形,背面写过去式和过去分词。
- 造句练习: 用不同的不规则动词造句,加深理解。
- 阅读英文文章: 注意文章中出现的不规则动词,并记录下来。
- 使用英语学习APP: 很多APP都有不规则动词练习功能。
不规则动词的学习需要耐心和毅力,但只要掌握了方法,多加练习,一定能攻克这个难关!这份汇总表希望能帮助到正在学习英语的你。加油!
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